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NUTRITIONAL NEEDS OF CHILDREN |
Thursday, October 21, 2010 |
Nutritional needs are very important need in helping the process of growth and development in infants and children, considering the benefits of nutrients in the body can help the process of growth and development of children, and prevent the occurrence of diseases caused by lack nutrisis in the body such as energy and protein deficiency, anemia, iodine deficiency , zinc deficiency, deficiency of vitamin A, thiamin deficiency, potassium deficiency and others who may hinder the development of the child.
Fulfill the nutritional needs of infants and young children are expected to grow rapidly according to the age of the child's growth and to improve the quality of life and prevent morbidity and mortality. In addition, nutritional needs can also assist in daily activities - harikarena nutrients as well as a source of energy is needed organ in the body, as well as a source of substances in the body builders and regulators.
as a source of nutrients can be obtained from as many as 50-55% carbohydrate, fat and protein as much as 30-35% as much as 15%. Meeting the nutrition of children should be balanced among other nutrients, because many of us find a variety of problems in fulfilling the nutritional needs that are not balanced like do not like to eat, not willing or unable to eat. Though not the preferred food contains balanced nutrients in the human diet so the expectation must be harmonious and balanced it does not terlaksana.If child sick can encounter problems that are less nutrient intake while increasing the body's needs so it will require additional makana such as calories, vitamins and minerals.
Labels: CHILDREN, NUTRITIONAL |
posted by LUZNI NOVITA @ 7:54 AM |
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DIABETIC DIET |
Friday, March 20, 2009 |
People who get diabetic should control her/his diet.
Here some list of foods forbidden : sugar , jam , honey, sweets, soft and sweet drinks, custard, jelly, mohalabia, macaroni, noodles, peas, potatoes, dried beans lentil, cake, biscuits, fatty cuts of meat, fried foods, nuts, choclate.
Foods allowed freely : Salad, tea, coffe, lemon juice, tomatoe juice
- If bread or toast is used instead of biscuits 10 gms of cooking oil can be used.
- If lean meats is used instead of medium fat meat 10 gms of cooking oil can be used.
Dont forget to do daily exercise as walking in the park for 20 or 30 minutes. Its also will help for person who having diabetic. |
posted by LUZNI NOVITA @ 9:52 AM |
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REDUCE YOU WEIGHT AFTER DELIVERY |
Monday, March 16, 2009 |
Pregnancy for woman is a beautiful life. During pregnant special in the last semester the pregnant woman always hungry and feeling to eat.This time pregnant woman gain weight till delivery. After give born also, a new mother will give breast feeding. In this time also you can not do diet regimen because your baby need feeding. If you want to do diet regimen atleast till your baby six month or more , I did this diet regimen and soon I reduce my weight. You can follow this steps.Weight yourself at the beginning of this diet regimen and again after four weeks.. It is expected that you will loose up to 20 kg over this period.This diet regimen depends on the amount of calories include in your daily meals.
Before you start, please read these general instruction carefully.
- When the quantity of any food item is not specified, you can eat as much as you want untill satiety.
- You have to follow this diet program exactly as it is , and with out any single change or personal modification.
- Dont stop this diet regimen at any single point ( if you would to stop it for any personal reason, you have to start if once more from its beginning).
- You can use the normal scale to follow your progress in weight reduction on daily basis ( you better use a digital scale with 100-200gm sensitivity),scalling must be on the same time daily and with just light clothes and after evacuating your bowels in the morning.
- If you feel any hunger pain ( although it is very rare) eat unlimited amount amount of either cucumbers, tomatoes or carrots ( only one of them ), providing that 2 hours, at least , were elapsed since the last meal.
- You have to drink ample amount of water.
- Boiled vegetables : means boiling them in water without eddition of any fat or oil.
- Salt can be added freely when required ( except for hypertensive person ).
- Tea and/or coffee is allowed freely, providing that they are free of sugar or milk ( you can addartificial sweeteners as candril).Please avoid the fruit sugar.
- Only 1-2 diet pepsi, pepsi-max,Cola-light,diet-7 up, or soda drink are allowed per day.
- If you like to repeat it once more, repeat the first week twice followed by the fourth week twice.
FIRST WEEK DAILY BREAKFAST : half orange or half grape fruit, one or two boiled eggs.
DAY 1 : LUNCH : One type of fruits only ( avoid dates, grapes, mango or banana ) DINNER : Grilled meat with out fat ( avoid lamb meat )
DAY 2 : LUNCH : Chicken ( boiled or grilled, removed skin) Tomatoes , one orange or one grape fruit. DINNER: 2 boiled eggs, 1 brown toast 1 orange or 1 grape fruit, green salad.
DAY 3 : LUNCH : White cheese ( skimmed ) e.g cottage 1 toast, tomatoes DINNER: Grilled meat ( as before),
DAY 4: LUNCH : One kind of fruits ( as before) DINNER:Grilled meat ( as before ), green salad
DAY 5 : LUNCH : 2 boiled eggs , boiled vegetables DINNER: Fish ( boiled or grilled ), green salad 1 grape fruit or 1 orange
DAY 6 : LUNCH : One kind of fruit ( as before ) DINNER : Grilled meat (as before), green salad
DAY 7 : LUNCH : Chicken ( as before ) , tomatoes Boiled vegetables, 1 orange or one grape fruit DINNER : Boiled vegetables
SECOND WEEK DAY 1:LUNCH : 2 boiled eggs, green salad DINNER : 2 boiled eggs, 1 orange or 1 grape fruit
DAY 2 : LUNCH : Grilled meat ( as before ), green salad DINNER : 2 boiled eggs, 1 orange or 1 grape fruit
DAY 3 : LUNCH : Grilled meat ( as before ) , cucumber DINNER : 2 boiled eggs , boiled vegetables.
DAY 4 : LUNCH : 2 Boiled eggs, white cheese DINNER: 2 Boiled eggs, tomatoes, boiled vegetables.
DAY 5 : LUNCH : Fish or shrimps ( boiled or grilled ) DINNER : 2 boiled eggs, boiled vegetables.
DAY 6 : LUNCH : Grilled meat ( as before ), Tomatoes, 1 oranges or 1 grape fruit. DINNER : Mixture of fruits ( same exceptions )
DAY 7 : LUNCH : Chicken ( as before ) boiled vegetables, tomatoes, 1 orange or 1 grape fruit DINNER : Chicken ( as before) , tomatoes, 1 orange or 1 grape fruit
THIRD WEEK
DAY 1 : All the day : mixture of fruits (as before ) with any amount
DAY 2 : All the day : mixture of boiled vegetables ( except potato ) any type of salads
DAY 3 : All the day : mixture of fruits , boiled vegetables and salad with any amount
DAY 4 : All the day : fish or shrimps ( boiled or grilled ) any amount of salad
DAY 5 : All the day: Grilled meat or chicken ( as before ) any amount of boiled vegetables.
DAY 6 & 7 : One type of fruits for the two days ( sa before)
FOURTH WEEK
The amount of food mentioned in each day must be distributed all over the day without any extra food
DAY 1 :
- 4 pieces of grilled or boiled meat ( 250 gm ) or 1/4 chicken boiled or grilled)
- 3 tomatoes
- 4 cucumber
- 1 box or washed tuna ( without 0il)
- 1 brown tost
- 1 orange or 1 grape fruit
DAY 2 :
- 2 pieces of meat ( 1/5 gm )
- 3 tomatoes
- 4 cucumber
- 1 brown toast
- 1 apple
- 1 orange or 1 grape fruit
DAY 3 :
- 1 Spoon of cootage cheese
- 1 box of washed tune( no oil )
- 1 Serving of boiled vegetables
- 2 tomatoes2
- 2 cucumber
- 1 brown toast
- 1 orange or 1 grape fruit
DAY 4 :
- 1/4 Chicken ( boiled or grilled)
- 2 boiled eggs
- 3 tomatoes
- 4 cucumbers
- 1 oranges or 1grape fruit
- 1 lettuce
DAY 5 :
- 1/4 chicken ( boiled or grilled )
- 2 boiled eggs
- 3 tomatoes
- 4 cucumbers
- 1 orange or 1 grape fruit
- 1 lettuce
DAY 6 :
- 2 piece of white breast
- 2 full spoons of white cheese ( skimmed ) e.g. cottage
- 1 brown toast
- 2 tomatoes
- 2 cucumbers
- 1 yoghurt
- 1 orange or 1 grape fruit
DAY 7 :
- 1 Spoon of cottage cheese
- 1 box of washed tune ( no oil )
- 1 serving of boiled vegetables
- 2 tomatoes
- 1 Orange or 1 grape fruit
- 1 brown toast
Labels: DIET REGIMEN |
posted by LUZNI NOVITA @ 2:03 PM |
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COMPLIMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE NUTRITION THERAPIES |
Saturday, November 15, 2008 |
People with HIV disease often become frustrated with lack of definitive medical therapies for AIDS often include alternative systems of medical practice ( chinese medicine, ayurvedic, hemopathy, nature pathy, herbs and often suppliments . Integrative mind body of approches ( yoga, visualization, massage). SPECIAL CONCERNS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS
- The incident of failure to thrive and growth stunting has been identified up to 94% of the HIV infected children. Changes in adipose and muscle stores may occur as result of metabolic changes.
- The goal of nutrition therapy is to preserve lean body mass and serum pre albumin.
- General nutrition recommendations for children include high energy , high protein, nutrient dense food as protein needs may vary from 150% to 200% of the RDA.
- nutrient and calorie intake must be assessed. A multivitamin suppliment that provides 100% of RDA should be given regardless of the intake.
Need for Adequate nutrition Nutrition management of AIDS patients is one of the basic principles of good nursing practise.The problems are decrease weight loss, malnutrition, dehydrations, electrolyte imbalance.
Causes are :
- Catabolism ( the breaking down process in tissue structure).
- Nausea - Vomiting
- Profound anorexia
- Dysphagia
- Fever
- Diarrhoea
- Suctioning
Objective :
- To correct and maintain optimal hydration, electrolyte balances.
- To keep patient well nourished
- To prevent further weight loss
- To enhance weight gain
Asses : - Daily weight likes and dislikes, current dietary habbits, food allergic. - Skin turgor, etc Intake/output chart, serum electrolytes.
Nursing Action :
- Encourage oral fluids and suplements
- Privide appealing and nutrition food
- IV fluids
- Electrolyte replacement
- Mouth care
- Small frequent meals
- Vitamin supplements
- Tube feeding
- Parenteral nutrition
- Antiemetics , antidiarrhoea
Expected outcome :
- Patient receives optimal nutrition and shows weight gain.
- Electrolyte balance and hydration will be maintained.
Labels: NUTRITION MANAGEMENT OF HIV |
posted by LUZNI NOVITA @ 1:21 PM |
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DIET FOR PATIENT LCHAD |
Saturday, November 8, 2008 |
Diet
- low fat, high carbohydrate diet with limited long chain fatty acid intake ( 10% of total energy ) is beneficial.
- Addition of MCT oil treatment ( providing 10 - 20% of energy requirements) is reported to be beneficial with improvement in dicarboxylic aciduria and a normalization of the plasma level of long chain acylcarnitines.
- Use of uncooked cornstarch ( 2gr/kg/dose ) bedtime preventsearly morning hypoglycemia after the overnight fast.
- Supplementation with vegetable oils, as part of the 10% total long chain fatty acid intake, provides essential fatty acids (ie linoleic acid, linolenic acid) and prevents retinal disease, perheral neuropathy, growth restriction and dermatitis.Prevention of fasting with frequent feeds is crucial.
- A daily multivitamin and mineral supplement that includes all fat soluble vitamin is required.
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posted by LUZNI NOVITA @ 1:50 PM |
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NUTRITION MANAGEMENT OF HIV PATIENTS |
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Achieving nutritional health and pereventing malnutrition are essential in maintaining positive health outcomes for person with HIV and medical nutrition therapy in HIV care must be included as primary component of total health care.
Goal for nutrition intervention
- To educate these individuals about the importance of consuming a well balance diet.
- To provide adequate nutrition for maintainance or improvement in nutritional status.
- To prevent PEM ( Protein Energy manitration ) and vitamin, mineral deficiences.
ENERGY AND ACTIVITIY Energy and protein needs very depending on the health status of the individual at the time of HIV infection, the progression of disease, and the development of complications that impair nutrient intake and utilization.Energy requirements increses by 13% and protein requirments by 10% for every degree celsius of temperature elevation above normal. PROTEIN High protein diet might safely promote positive nitrogen balance and lean body mas repletion. HIV infected person, like the uninfected, have unimpaired metabolic response to a high protein diet. Protein supplimentation stimulate protein metabolism.Protein contain carbon, hydrogen and O2 as well as nitogent and elements such as sulphur, phosphorus and iron.22 aminoacids are recognized as components of most proteins, 9 of these are essential and must be provided by diet. Protein requirements may be estimated at 1.0 to 1.49/kg for maintenance and 1.5 to 2 gr/kg for repletion.Because of the increased protein requirements, protein restriction is indicated only in persons with severe hepatic or renal disease. FAT Tolerance of fat varies from person to person. In individuals with malabsorption or diarrhoea, use of low fat diet may aid in management studies suggest that the use of MCT oil is better than long chain triglyceride based suppliments for decreasing stool fat and stool nitrogen contentand in reducing the number of bowel movements and abdominal symptoms. MCT is more readily absorbed than Long Chain triglycerides. Fish oil ( omega-3 fatty acids) when given with MCT oil, may improve immune function because this combination is less inflamation promoting than usual omega-6 fatty acids. How ever if tryglyceride and cholesterol levels are increased, leading clinicians have speculated that following the guidelines established in the national cholesteroleducation program could be beneficial. FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES Fluids needs of HIV infected individuals are similar to those of well individuals, and are calculated to be 30 - 35 ml/kg ( 8.12 cup)for adults, with additional amounts to compensate for losses from diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, night swets and prolonged fever.Replacements of electrolytes losses ( sodium, pottasium, and chloride). Inthe presence of vomiting and diarrhoea are also recommended. VITAMINS AND MINERALS The exact requirement for the vitamins and minerals are still unknown at this time, it is suggested that. Person consuming on adequate diet use a vitamin mineral suppliment providing 100% of the RDAs ( Recommended Dietery Allowences) excellent nutritional status enhances the ability to fight subsequent infection. NUTRITIONAL COMPLICATIONS 1. Diarrhoea and malnutrition : Person with the greatest risk of developing diarrhoea are those with a CD4+Cell Count of less than 200 - 250 cells/mm3. Diarrhoea and malabsorption are the mayor problem for this population, and they are often the most difficult problem to resolved. 2. Dissorder of the oral cavity and esophagus 3. Neurologic disorders 4. Tremendous decrease of weight loss
SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT - Nausea : Small frequent meals, avoidance of high fat, cool or room temperature foods. Avoidance of lying down flat after eating.
- Sore mouth / throat : Soft moist food, avoid spicy food, avoid very hot or very cold food, use nutrient and energy - dense foods to maximize oral intake.
- Xerostomia ( dry mouth) : Use of foods that are moist or served with sauce or grory . Consumption of liquids at meal times and extra fluids betweens meals.
- Diarrhoea : Fluid and electrolytes replacement , low insoluble, high soluble fiber diet, avoidance of gas causing food and beverage. Avoid caffeine.
- Constipation : Increased fluid intake, increase dietary fiber. Eat more bread, pasta, raw fruit, more vegetables.
- Inadequate oral intake : Use of nutrient and energy dense foods, including nutritional suppliments. Use of small frequent meals and snacks consideration of alternative nutrition support, adequate sleep, relaxation, exercise, adequate diet especially food rich in vit B12, A, c, folate and carotene or zinc. As inadequate levels may cause fatique. Avoid caffeine, alcohol cigarette smoking and recreaticnal drug use. Avoidance of stress and treatment of anxiety or depression. Identification and management of possible causes for anemia.Insufficent irons leads to anemia, with its characteristic symptoms of tiredness and breathlessness.
ALTERATION IN METABOLISM AND BODYSHAPE The use of potent anti HIV therapies expecially protease inhibitors, has increased the insulin resistance type 2 diabetes, hypercholestremia, pancreatitis and hypertriglyceridimia in the HIV/AIDS population. Oral hypoglycemies and insulin are being used, as are lipid lowering drugs such as lipitor. Suppliments often promoted for these condition include omega3, fatty acids, alphalipoic acids and L.Carnitime.Body shape changes seen include increased abdominal fat, decrease peripheral subcutaneous fat stores ( arms, legs and face ), buffale hump and enlarged breast., prominent veins and in grown toe nails. Treatment in such cases difficult and confusing.
Labels: AIDS |
posted by LUZNI NOVITA @ 10:06 AM |
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Name: LUZNI NOVITA
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